Friday, March 28, 2014

Consequences of Stress on Children's Development


“It does not hurt to ask for help.
 We all need support in way one or another.”

Each day comes with new adventures, consisting of positive and negative events.  It all depends on how one reacts to the situations.  I remember the morning of February 27, 1972.  It was a day that I will never forget.  I was sitting at my piano looking out of the window and thinking I sure do not want to go to piano practice.  I had no idea that I would not be able to go anyone in the next five months.   In a matter of seconds after my thoughts, I saw a man running down the country road.  I said to my mom, “why is that man running and why are the trees falling?”  My mom’s first response was, “Pat, are you practicing or are you playing around?”  I told her, “yes I am practicing, but the trees are still falling.”  Because I insisted that the trees are falling, my mother went to the window and she said, “get your shoes, we have to go to outside and walk up the hill path, I think the dam has broken”.  She was right, as we were in the middle of a natural disaster as the community experienced a flood.

After the water subsided, my mother and I did not know what to do.  My dad had not come home from work and we did not know if he was alive or dead.  Time stood still until we saw my dad walking towards us as we stood outside on the hill behind the house.  The first couple of days were very hard, because all the houses that were located in front of where we lived were gone and the people who lived there could not be found. 

As a 10 year old, I was confused.  How could this happen?  Where are the people and my friends?  I thought did I cause this to happen all because I did not want to go to practice?  Children may be encouraged to express their feelings, or they may be taught that emotions are best kept to oneself, (Berger,2012).  I am fortunate to have parents who taught me to ask questions.  How else would I get answers?  In the coming days, the National Guard and the American Red Cross arrived to bring us food, medical supplies, and provide shelter.  Although, I was able to see my friends in the neighborhood, it was four months before I was able to connect with my friends in other parts of the county.  Our first day back at school was in June and that is when we found out that three of our friends had lost their life.  We were provided time to talk about the situation and how we felt and the lines of communication were open.  Without the support of a trusted parent/caregiver to help them regulate their strong emotions, children may experience overwhelming stress, with little ability to effectively communicate what they feel or need, (Zero to Six Collaborative Group, National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2010).

Compared to my experience of a natural disaster, people in Bangladesh have made  flooding and tropical cyclones a part of their everyday living.  Natural disasters have become so commonplace that no one is notified unless there is a large casualty.  Although preparedness is second nature to the people in Bangladesh, the impact is still apparent.  Education time is lost and post-traumatic stress disorder is experienced.   This was evident based on a study conducted by Durkin, Davidson, Zaman, and Stein, (1993), behaviors become aggressive, a study showed that before and after a flood, the aggressive behavior increased from zero to nearly 10%, and children who had bladder control before the flood developed enuresis (45 out of 135 were evaluated). 

Regardless of the time, place, or location of a natural disaster, it is important to recognize that children need support and most important it is better when children are reassured by their parents and those who care for them daily.   Another resource would be to reach out to the community, the more support one has in place the better the outcome.

REFERENCES

Berger, K. S. (2012). The developing person through childhood (6th ed.), New York, NY: Worth

 Publishers.

Durkin, M. S., PhD, DrPH, Davidson, L. L., MD, MSc, Zaman, S. S., PhD, and. Stein, Z. A., M4, MB, BCh,

                (1993).  The effects of a natural disaster on child behavior: Evidence for posttraumatic stress. 


Zero to Six Collaborative Group,(August, 2010).  Early childhood trauma. Retrieved from:

Friday, March 14, 2014

Child Development and Public Health

     "Public Health Programs"

This week’s blog assignment was to choose a health topic.  Since I have been working with the community in the area of health practices for child development programs, I chose to research the role of public health programs because they play an integral part in providing support and resources to families and those who work with children to ensure that health practices are in place and followed. 

Within my program, we are provided health consultation, education and training, advocacy that leads to a health and wellness of children and families and helps us to implement policies and adhere to changes as needed. Public health professionals analyze the effect on health of genetics, personal choice and the environment in order to develop programs that protect the health of your family and community (Turnock, 2004).

With public health, life expectancy has increased and children develop healthy.  Prevention more than treatment allows for proper nutrition habits (encouragement of breatfeeding), stops childhood malnutrition , reduces the spread of disease through proper immunization, fewer sudden infant death, advances in prenatal and newborn care . In the twenty-first century, most people live to adulthood and  the world death rate in the first five years of life has dropped about 2 percent per year since 1990, (Berger, 2012)

In Nigeria public health exists and as the Center for Disease Control has moved globally and has been instrumental in Nigeria to make a difference.  In 2010, CDC-Nigeria helped establish Nigeria’s Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) housed under the Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Health to support and sustain critical public health activities, (CDC, 2014). With the accomplishment of having programs available, there are still challenges as health care facilities are available, affordable and accessible, many prefer seeking treatment from untrained herbalist to orthodox health care institutions,  beliefs, attitudes and the behaviors of the community on a particular health problem usually is not sought before imposing the intervention strategy on the people,  emerging and re-emerging health problems such as HIV/AIDS pandemic, inadequate payment of health workers salaries, poor quality of care, inequitable health care services, brain drain, and irrational appointment of health workers among others, (Baba & Omotara, 2012). The weight of these problems is further compounded by insufficient budget allocation, lack of strategic plan and preparedness for epidemics/pandemics, (Baba & Omotara, 2012).

Top 10 Causes of Death in Nigeria

1. Malaria 20%

2. Lower Respiratory Infections 19%

3. HIV 9%

4. Diarrheal Diseases 5%

5. Road Injuries 5%

6. Protein-Energy Malnutrition 4%

7. Cancer 3%

8. Meningitis 3%

9. Stroke 3%

10. Tuberculosis 2%

Communication is the key to everything in life.  If parents and child care professionals are not informed properly, then children will not be provided a safe and healthy environment.   Sustaining lives should be a priority and the best way for this to happen is to have the right resources in place to include dedicated professionals who provide the right services.  The importance to emphasize the precautions of health issues helps educate, develop professional policies that outline the procedures for healthy development, allows for research to take place and to fight for health care equity, quality, and accessibility, (Turnock, 2004).  Overall, public health is concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These populations can be as small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire country.

 

REFERENCES

Baba, M. &  Omotara, B., (2012).  Nigeria's public health: Gains and challenges.  Article retrieved http://www.equilibri.net/nuovo/articolo/nigerias-public-health-gains-and-challenges-0

Center for Disease Control, (CDC), (2014).  CDC in nigeria.  Retrieved from: (http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/nigeria)

Turnock, BJ, (2004). Public health: What it is and how it works, 3rd Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004. Retrieved from http://www.whatispublichealth.org/what/index.html

Monday, March 10, 2014

Blessings

God provides us with what we need. He gives us the chance to go out and use what He gave us. Now that in itself is a blessing. But that is not the end. He gave His Son as a living sacrifice so that we would have eternal life. Do not take it for granted. Give glory and honor for the blessings.

Friday, March 7, 2014

Childbirth In My Life and Around the World


                                     “The baby is coming, the baby is coming……”
                                                                           ~My Husband~

On November 12, 2013, my grandson arrived and it was a memorable experience as the birth almost took place at home.  This was my daughter’s first delivery and although she was experiencing pain, she was not ready for the birth to take place. As the pain became unbearable, my daughter decided it was time to go to the hospital, upon arrival she was told that the baby was crowning and could be here in a matter of minutes.  She was asked why did you wait and her response was, “I was waiting on the water to break. And I did not want to be like my mom, sitting in a military hospital waiting three weeks for me to come into the world.”   It would have been totally different if she had not made the decision to go to the hospital.  My husband would have been saying the words, “The baby is coming” with a louder shout and discomfort in his voice, (2013).  The outcome may not have been as enjoyable because the necessary support was not in place to respond immediately for a c-section if needed.  According to Berger (2012), “Some studies in England, Canada, Sweden, and the United States report that home births entail risks for the baby; still born and newborn although very low, is higher than delivery room birth.  

While living in Germany, I had the option to utilize the local national physicians and medical facilities. I had contemplated on having a midwife and possibly delivering my daughter (new mommy) at home because the doctor’s were interpersonal and only provided information when asked by the patient.  The German doctors were nothing like to the U. S. doctors who provided you with valuable information to assist in your planning and preparation.  Home birthing to me allows for the entire family to quickly bond and allows for a more appealing warm, peaceful, and soothing environment.  Due to complications I was not able to follow through with this desire. I did find it quite interesting that families respect the midwife more because they become a part of the family and by law they must be present at every birth whether delivery takes place at home or a hospital. In comparison with the current status of delivery options, as a family during my grandson’s delivery, the family members were able to be in the birthing room instead of an operating room.  Most U. S. births not take place in hospital labor rooms with high-tech operating rooms nearby, (2012, Berger). 
Mommy and Son Bonding

Babies are precious and it is so amazing how they change from month to month.  Three months and 23 days ago, James was born at 7lbs and 11.5 oz.  He is now 13lbs and bonding with his mother and family.  His delivery will never be forgotten as he almost made his entrance into our family right in the comfort of home.

                                                                  References
Berger, K. S. (2012). The developing person through childhood (6th ed.). Chapter 1, “Children  
            and Childhoods”, New York, NY: Worth Publishers.